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What does “Accountability” mean? – Legal definition

Accountability: According to the first edition of the EU-U.S. terminology and taxonomy for artificial intelligence, the term “Accountability” means: Accountability relates to an allocated responsibility. The responsibility can be based on regulation or agreement or through assignment as part of delegation. In a systems context, accountability refers to systems and/or actions that can be traced uniquely to a given entity….

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What does “AI Bias” mean? – Legal definition

AI (or Algorithmic) Bias: According to the first edition of the EU-U.S. terminology and taxonomy for artificial intelligence, the term “AI (or Algorithmic) Bias” means: Harmful AI bias describes systematic and repeatable errors in AI systems that create unfair outcomes, such as placing privileged groups at systematic advantage and unprivileged groups at systematic disadvantage. Different types of bias can emerge…

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What does “Chatbot” mean? – Legal definition

Chatbot (Conversational Bot): According to the first edition of the EU-U.S. terminology and taxonomy for artificial intelligence, the term “Chatbot (Conversational Bot)” means: A computer program designed to simulate conversation with a human user, usually over the internet; especially one used to provide information or assistance to the user as part of an automated service.

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What does “Discrimination” mean? – Legal definition

Discrimination: According to the first edition of the EU-U.S. terminology and taxonomy for artificial intelligence, the term “Discrimination” means: Unequal treatment of a person based on belonging to a category rather than on individual merit. Discrimination can be a result of societal, institutional, and implicitly held individual biases or attitudes that get captured in processes across the AI lifecycle, including…

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What does “Evasion” mean? – Legal definition

Evasion: According to the first edition of the EU-U.S. terminology and taxonomy for artificial intelligence, the term “Evasion” means: In Evasion Attacks, the adversary solves a constrained optimization problem to find a small input perturbation that causes a large change in the loss function and results in output misclassification.

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What does “Feedback Loop” mean? – Legal definition

Feedback Loop: According to the first edition of the EU-U.S. terminology and taxonomy for artificial intelligence, the term “Feedback Loop” means: Feedback loop describes the process of leveraging the output of an AI system and corresponding end-user actions in order to retrain and improve models over time. The AI-generated output (predictions or recommendations) are compared against the final decision (for…

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What does “Harmful Bias” mean? – Legal definition

Harmful Bias: According to the first edition of the EU-U.S. terminology and taxonomy for artificial intelligence, the term “Harmful Bias” means: Harmful bias can be either conscious or unconscious. Unconscious, also known as implicit bias, involves associations outside conscious awareness that lead to a negative evaluation of a person on the basis of characteristics such as race, gender, sexual orientation,…

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What does “Human Rights Impact Assessment” mean? – Legal definition

Human Rights Impact Assessment: According to the first edition of the EU-U.S. terminology and taxonomy for artificial intelligence, the term “Human Rights Impact Assessment” means: A human rights impact assessment (HRIA) of AI identifies, understands, and assesses the impact of the AI system on human rights, such as but not limited to, the right to privacy or non-discrimination. AI systems…

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What does “Red-Team” mean? – Legal definition

Red-Team: According to the first edition of the EU-U.S. terminology and taxonomy for artificial intelligence, the term “Red-Team” means: A group of people authorized and organized to emulate a potential adversary’s attack or exploitation capabilities against an enterprise’s security posture. It is often used to help identify and address potential security vulnerabilities.

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What does “Resilience” mean? – Legal definition

Resilience: According to the first edition of the EU-U.S. terminology and taxonomy for artificial intelligence, the term “Resilience” means: The ability of an AI system to prepare for and adapt to changing conditions and withstand and recover rapidly from disruptions. Resilience includes the ability to withstand and recover from deliberate attacks, accidents, or naturally occurring threats or incidents. The ability…

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What does “Robustness (Robust AI)” mean? – Legal definition

Robustness (Robust AI): According to the first edition of the EU-U.S. terminology and taxonomy for artificial intelligence, the term “Robustness (Robust AI)” means: Robustness of an AI system encompasses both its technical robustness (ability of a system to maintain its level of performance under a variety of circumstances) as well as its robustness from a social perspective (ensuring that the…

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What does “Systemic Bias” mean? – Legal definition

Systemic Bias: According to the first edition of the EU-U.S. terminology and taxonomy for artificial intelligence, the term “Systemic Bias” means: Systemic bias is a social consistent structure of harmful bias that is systemically reinforced in institutions, cultural perception, and socio-technical infrastructures. AI systems can reinforce systemic biases by reproducing the discriminatory effects of systemic biases when deployed in socially…

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What does “Trustworthy AI” mean? – Legal definition

Trustworthy AI: According to the first edition of the EU-U.S. terminology and taxonomy for artificial intelligence, the term “Trustworthy AI” means: Trustworthy AI has three components: (1) it should be lawful, ensuring compliance with all applicable laws and regulations (2) it should be ethical, demonstrating respect for, and ensure adherence to, ethical principles and values and (3) it should be…

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